ज़ूनोटिक रोगों का बढ़ता खतरा: 'वन हेल्थ' दृष्टिकोण पर जोर
विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (WHO) ने जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण ज़ूनोटिक रोगों (जानवरों से मनुष्यों में फैलने वाली बीमारियां) के बढ़ते जोखिम के प्रति चेतावनी दी है।
2-Minute Summary (TL;DR)
- The WHO has warned of an increasing threat from zoonotic diseases due to climate change.
- A 'One Health' approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health to combat diseases.
- India is actively pursuing its 'National One Health Mission' to address zoonotic risks.
- Deforestation, habitat encroachment, and wildlife trade are identified as key drivers of zoonotic spillover.
- The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for enhanced global health surveillance and cooperation.
- Climate change alters ecosystems, increasing the potential for pathogen transmission between species.
- The 'National One Health Mission' focuses on strengthening surveillance, inter-sectoral coordination, and research.
- Implementing a 'One Health' strategy is crucial for global health security and sustainable development.
- International collaboration is vital for effective prevention and response to zoonotic disease outbreaks.
How This Topic is Tested in Competitive Exams
| Exam | Frequency | Approx. Marks | What Gets Asked |
|---|---|---|---|
| Railway (RRB NTPC / Group D) | Very High | 6–10 | Science and Technology is one of the largest GK sections in Railway papers. |
| State PCS / PSC | Medium | 3–5 | Space missions, defence acquisitions, and health research appear regularly. |
| UPSC / State PCS | Medium | 5–8 | UPSC tests Science & Technology through governance: space policy, biotech regulations, cyber security. |
Key Facts to Remember: ज़ूनोटिक रोगों का बढ़ता खतरा: 'वन हेल्थ' दृष्टिकोण पर जोर
- The WHO has warned of an increasing threat from zoonotic diseases due to climate change.
- A 'One Health' approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health to combat diseases.
- India is actively pursuing its 'National One Health Mission' to address zoonotic risks.
- Deforestation, habitat encroachment, and wildlife trade are identified as key drivers of zoonotic spillover.
- The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for enhanced global health surveillance and cooperation.
- Climate change alters ecosystems, increasing the potential for pathogen transmission between species.
- The 'National One Health Mission' focuses on strengthening surveillance, inter-sectoral coordination, and research.
- Implementing a 'One Health' strategy is crucial for global health security and sustainable development.
- International collaboration is vital for effective prevention and response to zoonotic disease outbreaks.
Practice Questions
Q1. What is the primary concern highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding zoonotic diseases?
- A decrease in animal populations.
- An increasing threat due to climate change and environmental factors.
- The development of new vaccines for common animal diseases.
- A reduction in international travel impacting disease spread.
Explanation: The WHO has specifically warned that climate change and associated environmental shifts are increasing the risk and frequency of zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that spread from animals to humans.
Q2. Which approach is emphasized by global health organizations like the WHO to tackle the rising threat of zoonotic diseases?
- A 'Human Health Only' approach.
- A 'Veterinary Medicine First' approach.
- A 'One Health' approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health.
- A 'Technological Solutions Only' approach.
Explanation: The 'One Health' approach is a globally recognized strategy that acknowledges the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, advocating for collaborative efforts across these sectors to address health challenges, including zoonotic diseases.
Q3. According to the provided text, which of the following are identified as key drivers for the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases?
- Increased vaccination rates in humans and animals.
- Strict international border controls.
- Deforestation, habitat encroachment, and the illegal wildlife trade.
- Advancements in public sanitation systems.
Explanation: The text explicitly mentions deforestation, habitat encroachment, and the illegal wildlife trade as significant factors that create opportunities for pathogens to jump from animals to humans, thereby driving the emergence of zoonotic diseases.
Q4. What is the main objective of India's 'National One Health Mission'?
- To exclusively focus on human healthcare infrastructure.
- To promote animal husbandry and dairy farming.
- To create a synergistic framework integrating human, animal, and environmental health sectors.
- To develop advanced space exploration technologies.
Explanation: The 'National One Health Mission' in India is designed to foster a coordinated and integrated approach by bringing together the human health, animal health, and environmental health sectors to better manage and prevent health risks, particularly zoonotic ones.
Q5. How is climate change linked to the increased risk of zoonotic diseases?
- Climate change leads to a decrease in animal-human contact.
- Climate change alters ecosystems and vector distribution, facilitating pathogen transmission.
- Climate change strengthens the immune systems of animals, preventing disease spread.
- Climate change reduces the mutation rate of viruses.
Explanation: Climate change significantly impacts ecosystems, affecting the habitats and migration patterns of animals and the distribution of disease vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. These changes can increase the likelihood of pathogens transmitting from animals to humans.
How to Prepare Science & Technology for Government Exams — ज़ूनोटिक रोगों का बढ़ता खतरा: 'वन हेल्थ' दृष्टिको…
For Railway exams, make flashcards for every major ISRO launch — name, payload, purpose, date. These repeat frequently.
For SSC, focus on defence acquisitions and their strategic significance rather than technical specs.
For UPSC, connect every scientific development to policy — climate targets, digital India, health policy.
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