संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (UNSC) सुधार: भारत की स्थायी सदस्यता के लिए वैश्विक समर्थन बढ़ा

Q1. Which of the following countries have recently expressed explicit support for India's permanent membership in the UNSC?

1. China, Russia, and the United States
2. France, the United Kingdom, and the United States
3. Germany, Japan, and Brazil
4. India, South Africa, and Nigeria

Explanation: During a special session of the UNGA in April 2026, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom explicitly voiced their support for India's permanent membership in the UNSC. China's stance remains a critical factor, and Germany, Japan, and Brazil are part of the G4 seeking permanent seats themselves.

Q2. The G4 nations, advocating for UNSC reforms, consist of which countries?

1. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
2. United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia
3. India, Japan, Germany, Brazil
4. South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya

Explanation: The G4 nations, which collectively advocate for UNSC expansion and permanent seats for themselves, are India, Japan, Germany, and Brazil. The other options represent different geopolitical groupings or regions.

Q3. What is a primary argument India uses to support its claim for permanent UNSC membership?

1. It is the smallest country by population among UN members.
2. It has the largest number of vetoes cast in UNSC history.
3. It is the world's largest democracy and a major global economy.
4. It was one of the founding members of the United Nations in 1945.

Explanation: India emphasizes its status as the world's largest democracy, its significant economic size (third-largest by PPP), and its substantial contributions to UN peacekeeping operations as key justifications for permanent membership. The other options are factually incorrect.

Q4. Which of the following is a major point of contention in the ongoing UNSC reform debates?

1. The number of non-permanent seats to be added.
2. The criteria for selecting new permanent members.
3. Whether new permanent members should be granted veto power.
4. The location of the new UNSC headquarters.

Explanation: While the number of seats and selection criteria are debated, the most contentious issue is whether new permanent members should receive veto power, a privilege currently exclusive to the existing P5 nations. This is a significant hurdle in achieving consensus on reforms.

Q5. The current structure of the United Nations Security Council primarily reflects the geopolitical power balance of which era?

1. The inter-war period (1919-1939)
2. The post-World War II era (1945 onwards)
3. The Cold War era (1947-1991)
4. The early 21st century (2000 onwards)

Explanation: The UNSC was established in 1945 following World War II, and its permanent membership and veto powers were largely determined by the victors of that conflict. Many argue this structure is no longer representative of current global power dynamics.